![]() NB: Evidence from other contributors to Call for Evidence on Artificial Intelligence here: ![]() Amazon’s Alexa assistant searches and provides answers to questions using Microsoft’s Bing browser, while Google’s Home uses the Chrome browser to find answers to users’ queries. ![]() What Turing did was posit a methodology to explore the intellectual capacity of a machine through a comparison of its ability to answer any questions, as we have come to expect from our hands-free, voice activated digital assistants like Amazon’s Alexa on its Echo and Echo Dot speaker, or Google’s Home, two leaders in the home listening devices ready to answer home occupiers any questions with increasing accuracy, such as everyday requests to be prepared for the weather, ‘Will I need an umbrella today?’ to general knowledge, ‘how far away is Uruguay from the UK?’, and our interest in learning ‘What causes hurricanes?’. Here we remind that Turing purposefully avoided defining intelligence, because as we know, defining words require other words which require explanations themselves. Co-opted by business and the healthcare industry, AI is considered a marketing term (Luminary Labs, 2017). Reidel.Article: (AIC0066) In the sense that Alan Turing envisioned, in his scholarship on a machine’s intellectual capacity (Turing, 1950), before and after his codebreaking at Bletchley Park, before his death in 1954, Artificial Intelligence (AI) does not yet exist. (1980), Mechanism, Mentalism, and Metamathematics. Braithwaite, AMT B.6, Contemporary Scientific Archives Centre, King’s College Library, Cambridge. (1952), Can automatic calculating machines be said to think?’ Typescript of broadcast discussion on BBC Third Programme, 14 and 23 January 1952, between M.H.A. (1951), ‘Can digital computers think?’ Typescript of talk broadcast on BBC Third Programme,, AMT B.5, Contemporary Scientific Archives Centre, King’s College Library, Cambridge. (1950), ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’, Mind 59, pp. (1948), ‘Intelligent Machinery’, reprinted in Ince (1992), pp. (1947), ‘Lecture to the London Mathematical Society on 20 February 1947’, reprinted in Ince (1992), pp. (1945), ‘Proposal for Development in the Mathematical Division of an Automatic Computing Engine (ACE)’, reprinted in Ince (1992), pp. (2000), ‘Making the Right Identification in the Turing Test’, Minds and Machines 10, pp. (2000), ‘Turing’s Two Tests for Intelligence’, Minds and Machines 10, pp. (2000), ‘Turing Test: 50 Years Later’, Minds and Machines 10, pp. Piccinini, G (2001), ‘Turing and the Mathematical Objection’, Forthcoming in Minds and Machines. (1955), ‘Alan Mathison Turing’, in Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. (1995), ‘Turing Test Considered Harmful’, Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp. (1985), Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea. (1994), ‘Turing’s Sexual Guessing Game’, Social Epistemology 8, pp. (1995), ‘Simulating Conversations: The Communion Game’, AI and Society 9, pp. So, the controversy over Turing’s rules should be settled in favor of the standard reading. The conclusion is that there are several independent and mutually reinforcing lines of evidence that support the standard reading, while fitting the literal reading in Turing’s work faces severe interpretative difficulties. The present work offers a study of Turing’s rules for the test in the context of his advocated purpose and his other texts. According to the literal reading, the goal of the machine was to simulate a man imitating a woman, while the interrogator - unaware of the real purpose of the test - was attempting to determine which of the two contestants was the woman and which was the man. According to the standard reading of Turing’s words, the goal of the interrogator was to discover which was the human being and which was the machine, while the goal of the machine was to be indistinguishable from a human being. Two readings of Turing’s rules for the test have been given. In the 1950s, Alan Turing proposed his influential test for machine intelligence, which involved a teletyped dialogue between a human player, a machine, and an interrogator.
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